Cross College

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  • Henri Bergson’s Writing on Comedy: Laughter, Society, and the Mechanization of Life

    Henri Bergson, the influential French philosopher, is well known for his exploration of time, consciousness, and creativity, but his work on comedy is also a notable contribution to both philosophy and literary theory. In his 1900 essay Laughter: An Essay on the Meaning of the Comic, Bergson delves into the nature of comedy, seeking to…

  • Freud’s Writings on the Uncanny: Exploring the Eerie and Familiar

    Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, is renowned for his exploration of the human psyche and his groundbreaking work on subjects such as dreams, sexuality, and the unconscious mind. Among his numerous writings, one of his most thought-provoking and influential essays is “The Uncanny” (Das Unheimliche), published in 1919. In this essay, Freud delves into…

  • Who Was Giordano Bruno? The Life and Legacy of a Renaissance Visionary

    Giordano Bruno (1548–1600) was an Italian philosopher, mathematician, cosmologist, and friar whose groundbreaking ideas challenged the intellectual and religious norms of his time. Known for his radical theories about the universe, including his belief in the infinite nature of the cosmos and the plurality of worlds, Bruno’s life ended in tragedy when he was burned…

  • Great Works of French Literature: A Journey Through Timeless Classics

    French literature has long been celebrated for its depth, diversity, and profound influence on world culture. From the lyrical poetry of the Middle Ages to the modernist novels of the 20th century, French authors have explored the human condition in ways that have left an indelible mark on literature. This blog post explores some of…

  • Who Was Francisco Madero? The Man Who Sparked the Mexican Revolution

    Francisco Madero (1873–1913) was a pivotal figure in Mexican history, best known for his role in initiating the Mexican Revolution. Madero’s push for democratic reform and his opposition to the long-standing dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz made him a central figure in the overthrow of Díaz’s regime. His ideals of democracy and social justice helped shape…

  • Who Was Li Hongzhang? The Statesman and Diplomat Who Tried to Modernize Qing China

    Li Hongzhang (1823–1901) was a prominent Chinese statesman, military leader, and diplomat during the late Qing Dynasty. A central figure in Chinese politics during one of the most turbulent periods of China’s history, Li played a crucial role in efforts to modernize the country, strengthen its military, and navigate the complex international landscape that China…

  • Who Was Dōgen Zenji? The Founder of Japanese Sōtō Zen Buddhism

    Dōgen Zenji (1200–1253) is one of the most influential figures in the history of Zen Buddhism, known as the founder of the Sōtō school of Zen in Japan. His teachings emphasize the practice of Zazen (seated meditation) as the direct path to enlightenment, focusing on the idea that enlightenment is not a distant goal but…

  • Who Was Benito Juárez? The Reformer and Champion of Mexican Independence

    Benito Juárez (1806–1872) is one of Mexico’s most revered historical figures, often called the “Father of the Mexican Republic”. Born into humble indigenous origins, Juárez rose to prominence through his intellect and determination, becoming the first indigenous president of Mexico. He is celebrated for his efforts to modernize Mexico, promote liberal reforms, and defend the…

  • Sergei Witte’s Reforms in Late Imperial Russia: Architect of Change in a Turbulent Time

    Sergei Witte (1849–1915) was one of the most influential statesmen of late Imperial Russia, serving as a key figure during a period of political and economic transformation. As the Minister of Finance and later the Prime Minister, Witte sought to modernize Russia’s economy, strengthen its industrial base, and address some of the deep-rooted issues plaguing…

  • Great Spanish Literature: A Journey Through the Classics

    Spanish literature boasts a rich and diverse tradition that spans centuries, offering profound insights into human nature, society, and the imagination. From the medieval era to the modern day, Spain has produced some of the world’s most influential and enduring literary works. This blog post will explore several landmark works in Spanish literature, highlighting their…